新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons21

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1．I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. 我住在一个机场四周，过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。

（1）passing 是现在分词，作形容词用，表示“经过的”、“过往的”：He stopped a passing car.

他挡住了一辆过往汽车。

He forgot the man with passing time.

随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。

（2）night and day是固定短语，意为“日日夜夜”、“夜以继日”：He thought of the matter night and day.

他日夜在想这个问题。

He worked night and day.

他夜以继日地工作。

2．The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. 机场是许多年前建的，但由于某种原因当时未能启用。

（1）years 前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年”，weeks等的用法与它相似：

He left the city years ago.

他多年前就离开了这座城市。

I have not seen him for weeks.

我已经有好几个星期没见他了。

（2）some 在这里不表示“一些”，而表示“某个”、“某种”等：

I'll tell you someday.

有一天我会告诉你的。

We'll talk about it some other time.

我们改日再谈这件事。

3．…it came into use. ……机场开始使用了。

come into use 为固定短语，表示“开始被使用”：

When did the train come into use?

这火车什么时候开始使用的？

The road came into use last month.

这条路上个月通车了。

4．Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. 有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。

情态动词 must +be表示根据事实所作的推论，这在第1册第127课已经讲过。在这句话中，must+完成时态表示对过去某事的推测：

This pen is John's. He must have been here.

这枝钢笔是约翰的。他一定来过这里。

5．I am one of the few people left. 我是少数留下来的人中的一个。

（1）one of表示特指的一群人/一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数：

One of the girls standing over there is Tim's sister.

在那些站在那儿的女孩当中有一个是蒂姆的姐姐/妹妹。

You can take one of these bags.

你可以从这些提包中拿走一个。

（2）left相当于who are left(by the others)。即其他人走了以后而留下了他们。

语法 Grammar in use

被动语态（2）

在第10课的语法中，我们已经讲了被动语态的基本形式以及它在用了一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时和一般过去时的句子中的使用情况。被动语态还可以和大部分情态动词连用（包括具有部分情态功能的will和 would）。

He may have been told the news.

他或许已被告知这消息了。

词汇学习 Word study

1．drive

（1）vt.，vi. 驾驶，驾车：

You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour.

你刚才一定是以每小时70英里的速度开车。

Mary drives(her car) very slowly.

玛丽开车开得很慢。

（2）vt. 赶，驱赶，围赶（猎物、敌人等）：

With the help of two dogs, he drove the sheep down the mountain.

在两只牧羊犬的帮助下，他把羊从山上赶了下来。

（3）vt. 逼迫，迫使：

Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.

飞机正在慢慢地把我逼疯。

The death of all her children has driven her mad.

她所有的孩子的去世把她逼疯了。

2．home与house

home 一般译为“家”、“家庭”，着重指所居住的人，常有爱、暖和、舒适、安全等隐含意义。house通常译为“房子”、“房屋”、“住宅”，指的是建筑物。试体会它们的区别：

They live in a large house.

他们住在一所大房子里。（不可用home）

My father is at home now.

我父亲现在在家。（不可用 house/at house）

Tom must be somewhere in the house.

汤姆肯定在这屋子里的某个地方。（不可用home）

I have a sweet home.

我有一个甜蜜的家庭。（不可用house）

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1．要害句型练习答案

A …passing planes can be heard(1.2); The airport was built (1.2); it could not be used then(1. 3); a hundred people must have been driven away(11.4-5); this house will be knocked down by a passing plane(11.6-7); I have been offered a large sum of money(1.7)

C 1 A message will be sent immediately.

2 All these goods must be sold.

3 I told you the parcel would be received in time.

4 The letter has to be delivered by hand.

5 Your letter must have been lost In the post.

2．难点练习答案

A (sample answers)

The dog drove the sheep out of the field.

The police drove the crowds back.

I drove my car into the garage.

B1 home 2 houses 3 house 4 home

3．多项选择题答案

1c 2d 3c 4d 5a 6c

7b 8b 9a 10d 11c 12c