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英语语法——形容词和副词2

来源:网络资源 文章作者:匿名 2009-07-14 14:44:40

  4.7 形容词与副词的比较级

  大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

  1) 规则变化

  单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。

  构成法 原级 比较级 最高级

  一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall taller tallest

  以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice nicer nicest

  以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big bigger biggest

  "以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est busy busier busiest

  少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est clever/narrow cleverer/ narrower cleverest/ narrowest

  其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级 important/ easily more important/ more easily most important/ most easily

  2) 不规则变化

  原级 比较级 最高级

  good better best

  well(健康的) worse worst

  bad

  ill(有病的)

  old older/elder oldest/eldest

  much/many more most

  little less least

  far farther/further farthest/furthest

  4.8. as + 形容词或副词原级 + as

  1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。例如:

  He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。

  2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式:as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如:

  This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。

  I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸,我也能。

  3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。例如:

  This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。

  Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。

  4)倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ the … + of。例如:

  This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。

  This bridge is three times the length of that one.

  Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。

  Your room is twice the size of mine.

  4.9 比较级形容词或副词 + than 。例如:

  You are taller than I. 你比我高。

  They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。

  注意:

  1)要避免重复使用比较级。

  (错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

  (对) He is more clever than his brother.

  (对) He is clever than his brother.

  2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

  (错) China is larger than any country in Asia.

  (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

  3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。

  The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

  It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

  4)要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。

  比较:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

  Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

  She is taller than her two sisters.

  She is the taller of the two sisters.

  4.10 可修饰比较级的词

  1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。

  2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

  3)以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

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